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For 2023 (and 2024 ...) - we are now fully retired from IT training.
We have made many, many friends over 25 years of teaching about Python, Tcl, Perl, PHP, Lua, Java, C and C++ - and MySQL, Linux and Solaris/SunOS too. Our training notes are now very much out of date, but due to upward compatability most of our examples remain operational and even relevant ad you are welcome to make us if them "as seen" and at your own risk.

Lisa and I (Graham) now live in what was our training centre in Melksham - happy to meet with former delegates here - but do check ahead before coming round. We are far from inactive - rather, enjoying the times that we are retired but still healthy enough in mind and body to be active!

I am also active in many other area and still look after a lot of web sites - you can find an index ((here))
Relationships between Java classes - inheritance, packaging and others

When you're designing classes in Java, you need to consider their relationship with one another in various ways.

• You need to consider class INHERITANCE - which classes are based on which other classes. For example, a Pet could be based on (i.e. extended from) an Animal.

• You need to consider which INTERFACES your class implements - for that lets you define commonly named methods across a series of classes, and call those classes with the same code, even if they don't use inheritance.

• You need to consider which other classes objects in you class CONTAIN. For example, a Pet object will contain an address object, to hold information about where the pet lives.

• And you may wish to PACKAGE your classes - group them together under a name / named directory so that you can distibute them and handle them as a unit, and so that you can give them more permissions within the group than they would have outside.

Although there are similarities between these relationships, I wouldn't go so far as to sat they're the same, and indeed you need to consider all of them in your design.

On our recent Java Bootcamp Course, I wrote a new complete example of package. There's a "control" example - all in the one class - at Geraldine.java. I then took the object code and put it into a class called Isobel in a package called gowdie. See Isobel.java for that code, and if you want to see how it's called, there are examples in Hattie.java where we're specifying gowdie.Isobel in full every time we refer to it, and in Hilda.java. These new examples all include much more extensive comments - please follow the links if you want to read more programming detail, and to see sample output

Older examples (listed here for completeness, and to provide a link back to this article for delegates with old note sets) are axford.java - calling a class in the current package, sopworth.java - calling a class in a subpackage, sherston.java - importing a class from a package and finally pack.java - the class that's being used by the other examples. The older examples were all about a pack of cards - thus the class name "pack". In training use, the pack-of-cards examples are usually good ones, but in this case I'll admit it was a dumb idea as delegates used to get awfully confuser betwen "pack" - not a reserved word and "package" which has a specific Java meaning.




Footnote ... in case you wonder about the "gowdie.Isobel" class name ... on last week's course, we used names of ladies for classes, then we added famous surnames for associated data. A bit 'silly' / a bit of fun, if you like, and not recommended for production code. But by going through the alphabet, delegates can look back in the future and see the order of the examples just by going up the alphabet.

It turns out that "Isobel" with an "O" is a slightly unusual Scottish spelling of "Isabel" with an "A", and the most famous Isobel was Isobel Gowdie, a Scottish Witch. News to me - I'm not into that sort of thing, but seeing as the class was all about animals, it looks appropriate. Apparently, our Isobel Gowdie claimed that she could take on animal form ...
(written 2010-07-10, updated 2010-07-11)

 
Associated topics are indexed as below, or enter http://melksh.am/nnnn for individual articles
Q909 - Object Orientation and General technical topics - Object Orientation: Composite Objects
  [477] Class, static and unbound variables - (2005-10-25)
  [592] NOT Gone phishing - (2006-02-05)
  [1345] Perl and Shell coding standards / costs of an IT project - (2007-09-11)
  [1348] Screw it or Glue it? Access to Object variables - a warning - (2007-09-12)
  [2170] Designing a heirarcy of classes - getting inheritance right - (2009-05-11)
  [2641] Object Oriented Programming in PHP - (2010-02-19)
  [2922] Getting the OO design write - with PHP a example - (2010-08-14)
  [3142] Private and Public - and things between - (2011-01-22)
  [3152] Jargon busting - (2011-01-30)
  [3251] C++ - objects that are based on other objects, saving coding and adding robustness - (2011-04-17)
  [3609] How do classes relate to each other? Associated Classes - (2012-02-12)
  [3979] Extended and Associated objects - what is the difference - C++ example - (2013-01-18)
  [4377] Designing a base class and subclasses, and their extension, in C++ - (2015-01-01)
  [4394] Philosophy behind object design - and how I applied in to a Java example - (2015-01-14)
  [4450] Deciding whether to use parameters, conditional statements or subclasses - (2015-03-05)

Q907 - Object Orientation and General technical topics - Object Orientation: Design Techniques
  [80] OO - real benefits - (2004-10-09)
  [236] Tapping in on resources - (2005-03-05)
  [507] Introduction to Object Oriented Programming - (2005-11-27)
  [534] Design - one name, one action - (2005-12-19)
  [656] Think about your design even if you don't use full UML - (2006-03-24)
  [747] The Fag Packet Design Methodology - (2006-06-06)
  [831] Comparison of Object Oriented Philosophy - Python, Java, C++, Perl - (2006-08-13)
  [836] Build on what you already have with OO - (2006-08-17)
  [1047] Maintainable code - some positive advice - (2007-01-21)
  [1217] What are factory and singleton classes? - (2007-06-04)
  [1224] Object Relation Mapping (ORM) - (2007-06-09)
  [1435] Object Oriented Programming in Perl - Course - (2007-11-18)
  [1528] Object Oriented Tcl - (2008-02-02)
  [1538] Teaching Object Oriented Java with Students and Ice Cream - (2008-02-12)
  [2169] When should I use OO techniques? - (2009-05-11)
  [2327] Planning! - (2009-08-08)
  [2380] Object Oriented programming - a practical design example - (2009-08-27)
  [2501] Simples - (2009-11-12)
  [2523] Plan your application before you start - (2009-12-02)
  [2717] The Multiple Inheritance Conundrum, interfaces and mixins - (2010-04-11)
  [2741] What is a factory? - (2010-04-26)
  [2747] Containment, Associative Objects, Inheritance, packages and modules - (2010-04-30)
  [2785] The Light bulb moment when people see how Object Orientation works in real use - (2010-05-28)
  [2878] Program for reliability and efficiency - do not duplicate, but rather share and re-use - (2010-07-19)
  [2889] Should Python classes each be in their own file? - (2010-07-27)
  [2953] Turning an exercise into the real thing with extreme programming - (2010-09-11)
  [2977] What is a factory method and why use one? - Example in Ruby - (2010-09-30)
  [3063] Comments in and on Perl - a case for extreme OO programming - (2010-11-21)
  [3085] Object Oriented Programming for Structured Programmers - conversion training - (2010-12-14)
  [3260] Ruby - a training example that puts many language elements together to demonstrate the whole - (2011-04-23)
  [3454] Your PHP website - how to factor and refactor to reduce growing pains - (2011-09-24)
  [3607] Designing your application - using UML techniques - (2012-02-11)
  [3760] Why you should use objects even for short data manipulation programs in Ruby - (2012-06-10)
  [3763] Spike solutions and refactoring - a Python example - (2012-06-13)
  [3798] When you should use Object Orientation even in a short program - Python example - (2012-07-06)
  [3844] Rooms ready for guests - each time, every time, thanks to good system design - (2012-08-20)
  [3878] From Structured to Object Oriented Programming. - (2012-10-02)
  [3887] Inheritance, Composition and Associated objects - when to use which - Python example - (2012-10-10)
  [3928] Storing your intermediate data - what format should you you choose? - (2012-11-20)
  [3978] Teaching OO - how to avoid lots of window switching early on - (2013-01-17)
  [4098] Using object orientation for non-physical objects - (2013-05-22)
  [4374] Test driven development, and class design, from first principles (using C++) - (2014-12-30)
  [4430] The spirit of Java - delegating to classes - (2015-02-18)
  [4449] Spike solution, refactoring into encapsulated object methods - good design practise - (2015-03-05)
  [4628] Associative objects - one object within another. - (2016-01-20)

J708 - Java - Packages
  [754] tar, jar, war, ear, sar files - (2006-06-10)
  [2114] Which Version of Java am I running? - (2009-04-02)
  [2419] Where is my Java class? - (2009-09-24)


Back to
Changing with weather and seasons
Previous and next
or
Horse's mouth home
Forward to
Ruby - how does it compare and where is it the right language?
Some other Articles
Contact Information for Melksham Oak Community School
A move towards the family
Cycling in Melksham, and looking forward
Ruby - how does it compare and where is it the right language?
Relationships between Java classes - inheritance, packaging and others
Changing with weather and seasons
Writing a server in Java
Fail Safe Error Handling in Java via Exceptions
MySQL and Java - connectivity past, present, and future thoughts
What methods are available on this Java object?
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This is a page archived from The Horse's Mouth at http://www.wellho.net/horse/ - the diary and writings of Graham Ellis. Every attempt was made to provide current information at the time the page was written, but things do move forward in our business - new software releases, price changes, new techniques. Please check back via our main site for current courses, prices, versions, etc - any mention of a price in "The Horse's Mouth" cannot be taken as an offer to supply at that price.

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