Does it strike you as odd that in many languages, functions can take in as many parameters as you like, but can only return one? Of course, you can return a single collection object (list, array, tuple, dictionary, hash, Vector, object ...) or set up global variables to hold side effect results if you wish. But in Lua, you can truly return multiple values:

function food()
return "carrots","peas","gravy","haggis","neaps","tatties"
end

Individual results can be assigned to a series of individual variables, left to right, with any excess or results being discarded. And Lua's use of the variable "underscore" - _ - as a convention of a place filler - can be used to skip over unwanted intermediates if you have any:

first,second,_,fourth = food()
print (first,second,fourth)

If you want to know how many values you're getting back, or to get one back by numbered position, there's a built in select function in Lua:

-- Give me the number of return parameters
iwant = select("#",food())
print (iwant)
-- Give me the third return parameter
iwant = select(3,food())
print (iwant)

One slight 'issue' - if you bring back a multiple result and then use it straight away in another function call, only the first result will be passed on if there are other parameters following. Let me show you that behavior, as it can be a "catch" the first time:

print (food(),food())

gives you

carrots carrots peas gravy haggis neaps tatties

That's a nice meal, but we're apparently missing a portion of peas, gravy, haggis, neaps and tatties - but have plenty of carrots.


(written 2010-04-15, updated 2010-05-14)

 U106 - Lua - Functions.
  [1685] Short circuit evaluation (lazy operator) in Lua - (2008-06-22)
  [1697] Sorting in lua - specifying your own sort routine - (2008-07-05)
  [1699] If you are learning Lua, here are some more examples - (2008-07-06)
  [1743] First class functions in Lua lead to powerful OO facilities - (2008-08-07)
  [1744] Lua examples, Lua Courses - (2008-08-08)
  [1847] Lua - IAQ (Infrequently Answered Questions) - (2008-10-18)
  [2312] What are closures in Lua? - (2009-07-31)
  [2347] Dot, dot, dot in Lua - variable length parameter lists - (2009-08-11)
  [2356] Passing multiple results back from a function - Lua, Python, etc - (2009-08-13)
  [2455] Lua examples - coroutines, error handling, objects, etc - (2009-10-15)
  [2949] Lua - variable function arguments and select - (2010-09-08)
  [3695] Functions are first class variables in Lua and Python - (2012-04-13)

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Making a Lua program run more than 10 times faster
Every cloud has a silver lining
How do our tactics help us meet the strategy, for the greater good?
Escapee Grandparents welcome - Henfield and Melksham
Returning multiple values from a function - Lua
Mixins example in Python
Regular Expressions in Python
Multiple inheritance in Python - complete working example
Traffic lights in Python
Python - access to variables in the outer scope