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For 2023 (and 2024 ...) - we are now fully retired from IT training.
We have made many, many friends over 25 years of teaching about Python, Tcl, Perl, PHP, Lua, Java, C and C++ - and MySQL, Linux and Solaris/SunOS too. Our training notes are now very much out of date, but due to upward compatability most of our examples remain operational and even relevant ad you are welcome to make us if them "as seen" and at your own risk.

Lisa and I (Graham) now live in what was our training centre in Melksham - happy to meet with former delegates here - but do check ahead before coming round. We are far from inactive - rather, enjoying the times that we are retired but still healthy enough in mind and body to be active!

I am also active in many other area and still look after a lot of web sites - you can find an index ((here))
Finding what has changed - Linux / Unix

If you want to find out what has changed in a file, use the diff command. And if you want to find out what has changed across a whole directory structure, use diff -r

If I want to compare a backup with my current system - to see what has been altered (perhaps when something has gone wrong and I want to know what it might be), then one of the tools I might use is diff:

[trainee@easterton ooerr]$ diff -r trainee.bak trainee
Only in trainee.bak/a654: 6_web.xml
diff -r trainee.bak/y205/gui1.py trainee/y205/gui1.py
7c7
< widget = Label(None, text="Hello World")
---
> widget = Label(Lots, text="Hello World")
[trainee@easterton ooerr]$


And that shows me that since I took the backup, a file called 6_web.xml has been deleted and the 7th line of a file called gui1.py has been altered.

Another way of finding recent changes is the find command, which can be used for many other file system searches too. Here's how I would use it to find all files and directories that have been altered in the last day in the same directory that I was checking above:

[trainee@easterton ooerr]$ find trainee -mtime -1 -print
trainee/a654
trainee/y205
trainee/y205/gui1.py
[trainee@easterton ooerr]$


(written 2010-02-17)

 
Associated topics are indexed as below, or enter http://melksh.am/nnnn for individual articles
A166 - Web Application Deployment - Linux Utilities
  [63] Almost like old times - (2004-09-26)
  [71] Comparators in Linux and Unix - (2004-10-03)
  [1361] Korn shell course - (2007-09-22)
  [1366] awk - a powerful data extraction and manipulation tool - (2007-09-25)
  [1690] Conversion of c/r line ends to l/f line ends - (2008-06-28)
  [2145] Using the internet to remotely check for power failure at home (PHP) - (2009-04-29)
  [2320] Helping new arrivals find out about source code examples - (2009-08-03)
  [2484] Finding text and what surrounds it - contextual grep - (2009-10-30)
  [3446] Awk v Perl - (2011-09-18)
  [3764] Shell, Awk, Perl of Python? - (2012-06-14)
  [3902] Shell - Grep - Sed - Awk - Perl - Python - which to use when? - (2012-10-22)
  [4586] Extending your bash shell with aliases, functions and extra commands - (2015-11-28)
  [4682] One line scripts - Awk, Perl and Ruby - (2016-05-20)


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su or su - ... what is the difference?
Finding what has changed - Linux / Unix
Courses - Melksham and elsewhere - until the end of April
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Why do I teach niche skills rather than mainstream?
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This is a page archived from The Horse's Mouth at http://www.wellho.net/horse/ - the diary and writings of Graham Ellis. Every attempt was made to provide current information at the time the page was written, but things do move forward in our business - new software releases, price changes, new techniques. Please check back via our main site for current courses, prices, versions, etc - any mention of a price in "The Horse's Mouth" cannot be taken as an offer to supply at that price.

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