TransWilts CRP, CIC and Melksham RUG
Public and sustainable transport in Wiltshire

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For 2023 (and 2024 ...) - we are now fully retired from IT training.
We have made many, many friends over 25 years of teaching about Python, Tcl, Perl, PHP, Lua, Java, C and C++ - and MySQL, Linux and Solaris/SunOS too. Our training notes are now very much out of date, but due to upward compatability most of our examples remain operational and even relevant ad you are welcome to make us if them "as seen" and at your own risk.

Lisa and I (Graham) now live in what was our training centre in Melksham - happy to meet with former delegates here - but do check ahead before coming round. We are far from inactive - rather, enjoying the times that we are retired but still healthy enough in mind and body to be active!

I am also active in many other area and still look after a lot of web sites - you can find an index ((here))
Why are bus fares so high?

When Lisa and I took the bus into Devizes in the evening a couple of weeks ago, we spent around 12 pounds for the return trip, and it would have been much more convenient and cheaper for us to drive. We live less than 6 miles from Devizes, and the bus journeys at the time we went are subsidised. If the fare was lower, perhaps more people would use the bus? Perhaps enough more people to actually increase the amount of money collected from fares. It turns out it's not that simple.

Let's see what happens if you try out fares for a journey from 1 pound to 5.50... 500 people will make the journey if you charge just a pound, but that will reduce to just 100 people using your service if you charge 5 pounds. It turns out that you'll have the highest farebox taking if you charge 3 pounds (a fair fare, perhaps), convey 300 people, and take £900.

Remember that - the fare for the maximum profit is £3.00

That's all very sensible. But now let's add in the concessionary fares scheme, under which older people don't pay at all to travel on the bus - their fare is paid by the local council to the bus company, at a certain percentage of the regular adult fare per journey. Now, very few older people are going to decide to catch the bus (or not catch the bus) based on what the taxpayer has to pay for them - they'll travel anyway.

So in addition to our fare paying passengers, let's say we know we're going to carry 800 OAPs, and we'll get paid 44% of the regular adult fare for each of them. By raising the adult fare, even though it discourages some of them from using the bus, the total income increases. If you continue to charge £3.00 and convey 300 of them and 800 seniors, your income will be £1956 ... but if you increase the fare to £5.00 and convey just 100 normal fare passengers, extra income from the concessionary fares will raise your total income to £2260.

So the concessioanry fare scheme forces up the adult fare from £3.00 to £5.00

I ran a Python course in the City of London yesterday (yes, I know it was Saturday) and it was all to do with financial modelling, so a I wrote a little Python example in the train on the way up - see [here] to illustrate the above - test out what I had been told. Am I surprised at the results? Yes. And also disappointed at the distortions in the system which were, I think, designed to get more people on the bus and yet are driving people away - apart from the elderly - onto other less sustainable modes.

Here are the full results...

fare in pence - number of fares - total fares - total fares with concessions

-bash-4.1$ python fares.py
100.00 500 50000.00 85200.00
150.00 450 67500.00 120300.00
200.00 400 80000.00 150400.00
250.00 350 87500.00 175500.00
300.00 300 90000.00 195600.00
350.00 250 87500.00 210700.00
400.00 200 80000.00 220800.00
450.00 150 67500.00 225900.00
500.00 100 50000.00 226000.00
550.00 50 27500.00 221100.00
-bash-4.1$


I have made lots of simplifications and assumptions there. The ratio of fare paying to concession varies widely; I have quoted for trunk hourly services, but on occasional routes there are very few full fares collected indeed. And I have assumed a linear passenger dropoff which is rather unsophisticated.

Other questions that arise

... "do we need to supply more buses if there are more passengers?" Alas, not on many routes. So changes will simply fill seats that would otherwise be empty

... "can we put up fares to £30.00, carry a single farepaying passenger (who perhaps is an employee we re-imburse) and make even more profit". Great theory, but you wouldn't be aloud to put fares up to more than the cost of a Wiltshire Rover, I don't suppose

... "Can we help our fare paying passengers by charging high for a single, and just 10p more for a return" ... ah, perhsps you're starting to see why return tickets are often just a tiny bit more than singles.

... "Do we need concessionary fares at all". I don't know how many OAPs would be in the bus if it wasn't free to them, but it would certainly be far fewer ... which would result in far less income for the bus company at whatever levels the other fares were set, which would result in far fewer commercial bus services, and either a need for a bigger "normal" subsidy for the network, or a slashing of the network. Of course concessionary fares are in themselves a form of subsidy, so it's down to the accountants as to how they look at things, and the politicians as to whether it's acceptable to cut out a bus service on which less than one seat in 5 is occupied.
(written 2013-08-18, updated 2013-08-24)

 
Associated topics are indexed as below, or enter http://melksh.am/nnnn for individual articles
Z511 - Public Transport - Road
  [119] PHP course. Come by train. - (2004-11-15)
  [187] a popular bus number - (2005-01-23)
  [459] Kiss and Ride - (2005-10-09)
  [474] Vintage Bus Day - (2005-10-23)
  [764] Journey planning - Xephos v Transport Direct - (2006-06-16)
  [818] Heard, yes. Considered, no. The case for the train. - (2006-07-30)
  [1085] Lawrence Webb's Melksham Taxi service - (2007-02-18)
  [1125] Train service - petititon reply - (2007-03-31)
  [1254] Comparing bus stops - (2007-07-01)
  [1315] Two years of campaigning for a train service - (2007-08-22)
  [1428] Travel Across Wiltshire - the game - (2007-11-11)
  [1511] Buses from Well House Manor, Melksham, to Bath - (2008-01-18)
  [1560] HST Power Car TravelWatch SouthWest - (2008-03-01)
  [1567] Melksham - Swindon. Train v Bus v Car - (2008-03-07)
  [1668] Talk on TransWilts train service to Green Party - (2008-06-07)
  [1723] Bath - Melksham - Devizes. Bus route changes, new timetable - (2008-07-26)
  [1777] The Rise and Rise of First Bus Fares - (2008-08-29)
  [2075] Supporting Parkinsons and Trains - (2009-03-11)
  [2083] Do you support a decent train service? Please sign up! - (2009-03-15)
  [2268] Westbury Bypass Refused - looking forward - (2009-07-04)
  [2328] Melksham - no trains, no southbound buses through the town - (2009-08-08)
  [2372] Public Transport from (and to) Melksham on Sundays - (2009-08-23)
  [2431] Moving busstop! - (2009-09-30)
  [2515] Why we have two buses an hour - but not a half hourly service - (2009-11-28)
  [2522] Integrated public Transport - what could be done for Melksham - (2009-12-01)
  [2533] Five guests, three groups, one car - (2009-12-11)
  [2662] Is Melksham public transport actually used? - (2010-03-05)
  [2672] Dear Planners, please provide viable alternatives - (2010-03-11)
  [2771] Melksham to Calne by public transport - (2010-05-20)
  [2789] Melksham to London (Heathrow, and Central London) - (2010-06-02)
  [2791] Bath to Melksham buses - times - (2010-06-03)
  [2857] Park and Ride at Batheaston - will it solve Wiltshires Ills? - (2010-07-06)
  [2903] Bath to Devizes bus via Melksham - changing again in September - (2010-08-04)
  [2919] London to Calne, Corsham, Melksham, Bradford-on-Avon, Chippenham by public Transport - (2010-08-13)
  [2933] Bath - Melksham - Devizes buses from September - (2010-08-23)
  [2958] What do these road markings mean? Could Confusion Kill? - (2010-09-17)
  [2982] Travel, Transport and Tourism - A vision for Melksham, 2026 - (2010-10-03)
  [2983] Strong arm tactics in the bus industry? Poor result for the customer! - (2010-10-03)
  [3126] Car Parking in Melksham - thoughts on the proposed scheme, and wider thoughts too - (2011-01-09)
  [3194] Buses - what they cost and their future direction in the SW and in Wiltshire - (2011-03-06)
  [3290] Changes (and no changes) at Melksham bus stops - (2011-05-15)
  [3301] Using public transport - USA style - (2011-05-25)
  [3404] Buses on the Cambridge Guided Busway - (2011-08-24)
  [3471] Vintage Bus Running Day in Warminster. An example of good bus practise. - (2011-10-09)
  [3486] How important is public transport to people in the Melksham area? - (2011-10-19)
  [3487] Public transport - road and rail - (2011-10-19)
  [3504] Coaches from Trowbridge and Melksham to London - (2011-11-01)
  [3523] When competition is not a good idea - Melksham Bus Absurdity - (2011-11-16)
  [3564] I wish I was not a special case - (2011-12-29)
  [3579] Transport in Cambridgeshire - seen by an outside observer. What can Wiltshire learn? - (2012-01-15)
  [3580] Melksham Area - buses, trains, cycles, and roads. Meeting, 17.1.2012 - (2012-01-15)
  [3631] Getting around Dublin by public transport - some observations - (2012-03-01)
  [3699] Bristol 50? Bristol 25? - (2012-04-17)
  [3849] New bus times - Melksham to Bath - (2012-08-25)
  [3850] Bus times - Chippenham Station to Melksham, with London connections - (2012-08-25)
  [3866] Celebrate! Buses from Meksham to Bath - (2012-09-18)
  [3877] Public Transport Services - from and to Melksham - (2012-10-01)
  [3879] Mixed mode travel - Information systems - (2012-10-03)
  [3893] Public Transport across Wiltshire - a new map - (2012-10-13)
  [3904] Want to help us improve transport in Wiltshire? Here is how! - (2012-10-26)
  [3929] Melksham Bus Issues - to be raised at First Bus Customer Panel - (2012-11-21)
  [3937] Agenda for Wiltshire Link Travel groups meeting, Saturday 1st December 2012 - (2012-11-27)
  [3938] A long overdue meeting - a steeping stone towards coordinate transport user inputs - (2012-12-02)
  [3951] Christmas Bus Schedule for Melksham - First Bus - (2012-12-14)
  [4022] A request for all of Melksham transport groups to work integrated - (2013-03-01)
  [4023] Melksham to Chippenham (Station) bus services - times and routes - (2013-03-01)
  [4032] Easier public transport from Melksham to Bristol Airport - (2013-03-06)
  [4108] The painful cost of local travel to Melksham - (2013-06-01)
  [4111] Zigzag bus - forward for the future, or decaying service? - (2013-06-09)
  [4113] Wiltshire and Melksham Transport - what is going on? - (2013-06-09)
  [4123] New timetables from 28th July - bus routes 271 and 272 - (2013-06-24)
  [4124] Chippenham - Melksham - Trowbridge bus changes next month - (2013-06-26)
  [4143] Bus times - Melksham to Bath from 28th July 2013 - (2013-07-25)
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  [4150] Melksham Regular Public Transport Map - as at August 2013 - (2013-08-09)
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  [4179] Changing transport and destinations - looking forward to a good future - (2013-09-19)
  [4181] Grumbling about trains? Buses can be far worse! - (2013-09-29)
  [4186] Melksham to Bath and Zigzag buses - at a turning point? - (2013-10-06)
  [4190] A radical proposal - a cheap and effective way to provide home to city commuter transport - (2013-10-11)
  [4191] Getting people to and from Melksham Station - not 20 but 700 times a day - (2013-10-12)
  [4192] A positive progress behind the scenes - (2013-10-14)
  [4194] TransWilts Link - meeting notes from 19th October - (2013-10-20)
  [4228] Mallory Place, The Spa, Wellington Drive, Melksham - a Christmas present for you - (2013-12-26)
  [4240] Melksham Rail Link - (2014-01-27)
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  [4257] Over a pound a kilometre - my bus in Weston-super-mare - (2014-04-06)
  [4263] Chippenham - Melksham - Trowbridge, public transport over Easter (2014) - (2014-04-12)
  [4286] Reaction in Radstock to new First bus prices - (2014-07-12)
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  [4500] The TransWilts Community Intergrated Transport Corridor - (2015-05-29)
  [4546] Is the RUH hopper a limited, duplicate service running unnecessarily and at high cost? - (2015-10-18)
  [4547] RUH Hopper - experience and thoughts forward - (2015-10-20)
  [4592] A comparison of the public transport alternatives to the Royal United Hospital, Bath - from Melksham. - (2015-12-06)
  [4615] Questions for First (West of England) - (2016-01-05)
  [4619] Buses - not about the buses, but about the people who use the buses - (2016-01-10)
  [4624] Campaigning for a sensible bus solution and not against anyone! - (2016-01-17)
  [4629] Making travel time useful time on public transport - (2016-01-22)
  [4631] What would the Wiltshire Council bus cuts mean for Melksham? - (2016-01-25)
  [4636] Rail user groups worried about what is happening on the buses - (2016-01-31)
  [4639] Working out the costs of running a bus service through the day - (2016-02-06)
  [4648] Why is bus funding a much hotter topic than a new set of traffic lights? - (2016-02-16)
  [4654] Getting to the Royal United Hospital - the Hopper and the alternatives - (2016-02-24)
  [4660] What is happening on the 231 bus? What are you going to do about it? - (2016-03-04)
  [4664] Mallory Place bus stop - services to Bath - (2016-03-25)
  [4667] Wiltshire Supported Bus consultation - final few days - (2016-03-30)
  [4670] The end, or the start? - (2016-04-05)
  [4683] Saudi Arabia or Weymouth? - (2016-05-22)
  [4690] Buses in Wiltshire - potential changes and where we stand at the moment - (2016-05-30)
  [4692] How are bus support payments currently calculated? - (2016-06-07)
  [4703] What do people use the bus for in Wiltshire - survey interim results. - (2016-07-11)

Y108 - Python - String Handling
  [324] The backtick operator in Python and Perl - (2005-05-25)
  [463] Splitting the difference - (2005-10-13)
  [496] Python printf - (2005-11-15)
  [560] The fencepost problem - (2006-01-10)
  [773] Breaking bread - (2006-06-22)
  [903] Pieces of Python - (2006-10-23)
  [943] Matching within multiline strings, and ignoring case in regular expressions - (2006-11-25)
  [954] Splitting Pythons in Bradford - (2006-11-29)
  [970] String duplication - x in Perl, * in Python and Ruby - (2006-12-07)
  [1110] Python - two different splits - (2007-03-15)
  [1195] Regular Express Primer - (2007-05-20)
  [1517] Python - formatting objects - (2008-01-24)
  [1608] Underlining in Perl and Python - the x and * operator in use - (2008-04-12)
  [1876] Python Regular Expressions - (2008-11-08)
  [2284] Strings as collections in Python - (2009-07-12)
  [2406] Pound Sign in Python Program - (2009-09-15)
  [2692] Flexible search and replace in Python - (2010-03-25)
  [2721] Regular Expressions in Python - (2010-04-14)
  [2765] Running operating system commands from your Python program - (2010-05-14)
  [2780] Formatted Printing in Python - (2010-05-25)
  [2814] Python - splitting and joining strings - (2010-06-16)
  [3090] Matching to a string - what if it matches in many possible ways? - (2010-12-17)
  [3218] Matching a license plate or product code - Regular Expressions - (2011-03-28)
  [3349] Formatting output in Python through str.format - (2011-07-07)
  [3468] Python string formatting - the move from % to str.format - (2011-10-08)
  [3469] Teaching dilemma - old tricks and techniques, or recent enhancements? - (2011-10-08)
  [3796] Backquote, backtic, str and repr in Python - conversion object to string - (2012-07-05)
  [3886] Formatting output - why we need to, and first Python example - (2012-10-09)
  [4027] Collections in Python - list tuple dict and string. - (2013-03-04)
  [4213] Formatting options in Python - (2013-11-16)
  [4307] Identifying and clearing denial of service attacks on your Apache server - (2014-09-27)
  [4360] Python - comparison of old and new string formatters - (2014-12-22)
  [4593] Command line parameter handling in Python via the argparse module - (2015-12-08)
  [4595] Python formatting update - including named completions - (2015-12-10)
  [4659] Prining a pound sign from Python AND running from the command line at the same time - (2016-03-03)


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This is a page archived from The Horse's Mouth at http://www.wellho.net/horse/ - the diary and writings of Graham Ellis. Every attempt was made to provide current information at the time the page was written, but things do move forward in our business - new software releases, price changes, new techniques. Please check back via our main site for current courses, prices, versions, etc - any mention of a price in "The Horse's Mouth" cannot be taken as an offer to supply at that price.

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