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Distributing the server load - yet ensuring that each user return to the same system (Apache httpd and Tomcat)

Have you ever tried to sort out a complex situation with a supplier - perhaps something's gone wrong with your electic and gas bills (as happened with us a couple of months ago, when our gas payment ...

Tuning Apache httpd and Tomcat to work well together

If you're running Tomcat as your servlet / JSP container, you're more than likely to have it (or them - you may have multiple instances) running as application servers behind Apache httpd (the Http ...

What does a web application look like under Tomcat?

When you're deploying a Java application on your web server, you're likely to be using a container engine such as Tomcat ([learn about tomcat]). If you're not the author of the application, it will ...

Using JSPs, Tag Libraries, Java Beans, Tomcat in one short example

I've just completed a Java Bootcamp Course. On Tuesday morning, I had newcomers to Java (but with prior programming experience) and by the end of Friday afternoon, they had written some good ...

Clustering on Tomcat

Subject: Clustering, using Apache http server (version 2.2.14 in my example) with mod_proxy_balancer as the front load splitter and Apache Tomcat 6.0.20 as the replicated application engine. [[Tip ...

Load balancing with sticky sessions (httpd / Tomcat)

Subject: Load balancing with sticky sessions, using Apache http server (version 2.2.14 in my example) with mod_proxy_balancer as the front end balancer and Apache Tomcat 6.0.20 as the application ...

Apache, Tomcat, mod_proxy

The Apache httpd web server (a.k.a. "The Apache Server") is essentially a file (web page) server, written for fast performance in C, very reliable, and VERY widely used. The Apache Tomcat web server ...

Three recent questions on Tomcat Convertors

Can mod_proxy receive a request in one protocol and forward it in another? mod_proxy (in httpd 2.2.x at least) is capable of protocol conversion - at least from http to ajp. https to http, and ...

Monitoring and loading tools for testing Apache Tomcat

The following monitoring and loading tools can be used to test Apache Tomcat and are all Open Source. This comparative summary includes a link to more details of each of these resources. ab - ...

Configuring httpd, or Tomcat, to run CGI scripts in Perl

Here's a Perl / CGI script - a "Common Gateway Interface" program that I want to run on my web server, and access via my browser. What server to I need to run it on, and how do I set that server up? ...

Multiple web applications under Tomcat - what are the options?

If you're wanting to run a number of web applications under Apache [Jakarta] Tomcat, do you need multiple versions of Tomcat, or multiple machines? No, you don't ... but it may be helpful for you to ...

An FAQ on the Apache httpd and Apache Tomcat web servers, and on using them together

Both Apache httpd and Apache Tomcat are popular web servers - and most people who use Tomcat 'front' it with httpd. We run an Apache httpd course (under Linux / Unix) and also a combined httpd and ...

Choosing the right version of Java and Tomcat

Java is described as being a portable language. But that only means that the 'runnable' class files are fairly portable - you must download and install the correct Java Virtual Machine / Java Runtime ...

What do people think of our Apache httpd / Tomcat course?

We train a lot of well known (no - make that VERY well known) names, as well as smaller organisations, and contractors and individuals too. And we thrive on customer feedback and recommendation - yet ...

Changing the 404 - file not found - page in Tomcat

If you're running an Apache Tomcat web server, how do you customise your error documents? Add an <error-page> tag set into your web.xml file To change this: into this: I added the ...

Using ApacheBench and jconsole to test and monitor Tomcat

jconsole lets you monitor Tomcat or another Java application so that you can see how much memory is in use, how many threads you have running, how many classes, etc. Here's an example of a Tomcat ...

Why put Apache httpd in front of Apache Tomcat

Does it seem odd to you that Apache Tomcat is a web server ... and yet the majority of sites run with another web server - Apache httpd - in front of it. Why do they do it? There's a whole host of ...

Tomcat 6 - Annotated Sample Configuration Files

When you download Tomcat, it's pretty much "plug and play" ... once you've got your PATH and JRE_HOME environment variables set correctly. However, it's very unlikely that the default configuration ...

Database connection Pooling, SSL, and command line deployment - httpd and Tomcat

Yesterday (yes, that was a Saturday!) I was running a tailored Apache Tomcat training and consultancy day - a day on which I cover a lot of standard training material, but did so in relation to a ...

Sharing the load between servers - httpd and Tomcat

If you're running a lot of traffic through an application, it's possible that one web server can't cope ... not so much because of the traffic levels, but because oomph the computer. Customer's ...

Invoker and cgi servlets on Tomcat 6

If you want to use the Invoker or cgi servlets on Tomcat 6, you need to change the privileged setting in the conf/context.xml file - change:  <Context> to  <Context reloadable="true" ...

httpd, Tomcat and PHP course enhancements

If you're in an area of the UK that's covered by 3G phone service, we can now have our training computers on line during private courses on your site without having to add our machines inside your ...

Sticky Sessions with mod_jk (httpd to Tomcat)

If you're load balancing with mod_jk, you can put a load balancer worker in your jk properties file, and then have requests forwarded to all the workers that are members of that load balancer. That's ...

Java Tag Libraries / how they work / Tomcat Deployment

A Java (JSP) tag library is a set of additional XML tags that you can include in your Java Server Page in order to create objects and set and get the attributes of those objects. Let's see an ...

Through Snow and Flood to Linux and Tomcat

I arrived in Milton Keynes on Sunday night ... to find at 9 p.m. a hotel where they had closed the restaurant early for lack of customers, and after an appalling drive the advertised meal was not to ...

Apache httpd and Apache Tomcat miscellany

When you start a newly installed Apache httpd web server, you may get the following message: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ...

Advise before my Apache / Tomcat course

We want our customers to get the very best from their courses, and we're deligheted when they ask about preparations they can do (reading, etc) ahead of time. In fact, this is such a good question ...

tomcat-users.xml; what a difference a space made

Product: Apache Tomcat release 6.0.something Symptom: After some fine tuning of the configuration files, a working installation was no longer working ... requests for web pages resulted in the ...

Forwarding session and cookie requests from httpd to Tomcat

If you're using mod_proxy to forward requests that use sessions to other servers, you need to ensure that the cookies get correctly rewritten as they're sent to the browser for setting, in order to ...

Server - Service - Engine - Host, Tomcat

A Tomcat Server can run one or more Services. Each Service comprises a number of Connectors and an Engine, which contains one or more Hosts. You connect to a Tomcat Server via an appropriate ...

Virtual Hosting under Tomcat - an example

Tomcat supports "Virtual hosting", where you can direct several domain names to the same server computer / instance of Tomcat, and it will serve different content depending on which server you have ...

More HowTo diagrams - MySQL, Tomcat and Java

Here are some more diagrams "off the wall" from last week - showing "howto" and "whatis" information for Tomcat, Java and MySQL Some Tomcat and Java Fundamentals On the right of the board ... the ...

Diagrams to show you how - Tomcat, Java, PHP

I like to work with a flipchart occasionally, and I have been doing so quite a bit this week, which is a week that I'm giving a wide ranging web server deployment course under Linux, covering both ...

WEB-INF (Tomcat) and .htaccess (httpd)

Apache Tomcat's WEB-INF directory is rather like Apache httpd's ".htxxxxx" files - they both contain data which is within the document directories, but is configuration data that's not directly ...

Increasing Java Virtual Machine memory for Tomcat

Q. "How do I increase the memory that my Java Virtual Machine in Tomcat can use?" A question asked - not for the first time - by a delegate on todays's Deploying Apache httpd and Tomcat course. A. ...

Default file (MiMe types) for Apache httpd and Apache Tomcat

Apache Tomcat web server default MIME type What file extension maps to what "Mime Type" in Apache Tomcat? It's important to know, since the Mime type is sent out by the server to the browser to tell ...

Automatic startup and shutdown of Tomcat

Setting up Tomcat to shutdown and startup automatically when the Linux / Unix server restarts. The following is for Fedora Linux, with Tomcat installed at /usr/local/tomcat (probably via a symlink as ...

Extra public classes in deploying Apache httpd and Tomcat

We have just scheduled an additional two Deploying Apache httpd and Tomcat courses, to start on Monday 3rd and Wednesday 5th March 2008. This course is "flavour of the month" - I ran such a course ...

Load Balancing with Apache mod_jk (httpd/Tomcat)

A single instance of Apache httpd can handle a very large number of simple requests for files to be served ... but a single instance of Apache Tomcat can handle far fewer requests for applications to ...

Apache Tomcat Performance Tuning

Have you noticed what a lack of information there is in the printed material (or on the web too, come to that!) on performance tuning Apache Tomcat? The subject came up briefly during the course that ...