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For 2023 (and 2024 ...) - we are now fully retired from IT training.
We have made many, many friends over 25 years of teaching about Python, Tcl, Perl, PHP, Lua, Java, C and C++ - and MySQL, Linux and Solaris/SunOS too. Our training notes are now very much out of date, but due to upward compatability most of our examples remain operational and even relevant ad you are welcome to make us if them "as seen" and at your own risk.

Lisa and I (Graham) now live in what was our training centre in Melksham - happy to meet with former delegates here - but do check ahead before coming round. We are far from inactive - rather, enjoying the times that we are retired but still healthy enough in mind and body to be active!

I am also active in many other area and still look after a lot of web sites - you can find an index ((here))
Equality and looks like tests - Perl

Whenever you do an equality check in a Perl program, you must think whether you're checking if two numbers are equal, if two test strings are equal, or if a string looks like a pattern. And you write different code in each case:

Checking numbers: If ($stuff == 6) { ...
Tests whether $stuff contains the number 6 (or a string that evaluates to the number 6, or the number 6.0)

Checking text string equality: If ($stuff eq "Well House") { ...
Tests whether $stuff contains exactly the string "Well House"

Checking a text string against a pattern: If ($stuff =~ /hotel/i) { ...
Tests whether the string in $stuff contains, somewhere within it, the word "hotel" in upper case, lower case, or a mixture.

You need to be especially careful not to use the == (numeric) operator to check text strings, as text strings that do not start with digits return zero - so (for example) it would always tell you that two names are the same!

Here's an example to illustrate that:

print "What is your name? ";
chop($hes = <STDIN>);
 
# Numeric equality
 
if ($hes == "Graham") {
   print "Hello and welcome\n";
} else {
   print "Not known\n";
}
 
# String equality - EXACT match!
 
if ($hes eq "Graham") {
   print "Hello and welcome\n";
} else {
   print "Not known\n";
}
 
# String match to regular expression
 
if ($hes =~ /Graham/) {
   print "Hello and welcome\n";
} else {
   print "Not known\n";
}


And some results from testing it:

Dorothy:cs2 grahamellis$ perl u
What is your name? Graham
Hello and welcome
Hello and welcome
Hello and welcome
Dorothy:cs2 grahamellis$ perl u
What is your name? I am Graham Ellis
Hello and welcome
Not known
Hello and welcome
Dorothy:cs2 grahamellis$ perl u
What is your name? Simon Smith
Hello and welcome Test zero against zero
Not known
Not known
Dorothy:cs2 grahamellis$

(written 2008-07-29)

 
Associated topics are indexed as below, or enter http://melksh.am/nnnn for individual articles
P212 - Perl - More on Character Strings
  [453] Commenting Perl regular expressions - (2005-09-30)
  [583] Remember to process blank lines - (2006-01-31)
  [586] Perl Regular Expressions - finding the position and length of the match - (2006-02-02)
  [597] Storing a regular expression in a perl variable - (2006-02-09)
  [608] Don't expose your regular expressions - (2006-02-15)
  [737] Coloured text in a terminal from Perl - (2006-05-29)
  [928] C++ and Perl - why did they do it THAT way? - (2006-11-16)
  [943] Matching within multiline strings, and ignoring case in regular expressions - (2006-11-25)
  [1222] Perl, the substitute operator s - (2007-06-08)
  [1230] Commenting a Perl Regular Expression - (2007-06-12)
  [1251] Substitute operator / modifiers in Perl - (2007-06-28)
  [1305] Regular expressions made easy - building from components - (2007-08-16)
  [1336] Ignore case in Regular Expression - (2007-09-08)
  [1510] Handling Binary data (.gif file example) in Perl - (2008-01-17)
  [1735] Finding words and work boundaries (MySQL, Perl, PHP) - (2008-08-03)
  [1947] Perl substitute - the e modifier - (2008-12-16)
  [2230] Running a piece of code is like drinking a pint of beer - (2009-06-11)
  [2379] Making variables persistant, pretending a database is a variable and other Perl tricks - (2009-08-27)
  [2657] Want to do a big batch edit? Nothing beats Perl! - (2010-03-01)
  [2801] Binary data handling with unpack in Perl - (2010-06-10)
  [2834] Teaching examples in Perl - third and final part - (2010-06-27)
  [2874] Unpacking a Perl string into a list - (2010-07-16)
  [2877] Further more advanced Perl examples - (2010-07-19)
  [2993] Arrays v Lists - what is the difference, why use one or the other - (2010-10-10)
  [3059] Object Orientation in an hour and other Perl Lectures - (2010-11-18)
  [3100] Looking ahead and behind in Regular Expressions - double matching - (2010-12-23)
  [3322] How much has Perl (and other languages) changed? - (2011-06-10)
  [3332] DNA to Amino Acid - a sample Perl script - (2011-06-24)
  [3411] Single and double quotes strings in Perl - what is the difference? - (2011-08-30)
  [3546] The difference between dot (a.k.a. full stop, period) and comma in Perl - (2011-12-09)
  [3630] Serialsing and unserialising data for storage and transfer in Perl - (2012-02-28)
  [3650] Possessive Regular Expression Matching - Perl, Objective C and some other languages - (2012-03-12)
  [3707] Converting codons via Amino Acids to Proteins in Perl - (2012-04-25)
  [3927] First match or all matches? Perl Regular Expressions - (2012-11-19)
  [4452] Binary data handling - Python and Perl - (2015-03-09)

P204 - Perl - Conditionals and Loops
  [353] Wimbledon Neck - (2005-06-20)
  [930] -> , >= and => in Perl - (2006-11-18)
  [1191] Smart English Output - via PHP and Perl ? : operator - (2007-05-18)
  [1468] Lexical v Arithemetic testing, Bash and Perl - (2007-12-11)
  [1477] Decisions - small ones, or big ones? - (2007-12-18)
  [1607] Learning to program in Perl - (2008-04-11)
  [1696] Saying NOT in Perl, PHP, Python, Lua ... - (2008-07-04)
  [2351] Ternary operators alternatives - Perl and Lua lazy operators - (2009-08-12)
  [2550] Do not copy and paste code - there are much better ways - (2009-12-26)
  [2711] For loop - checked once, or evety time? Ruby v Perl comparison and contrast - (2010-04-07)
  [2832] Are you learning Perl? Some more examples for you! - (2010-06-27)
  [3004] Increment operators for counting - Perl, PHP, C and others - (2010-10-18)
  [3397] Does a for loop evaluate its end condition once, or on every iteration? - (2011-08-18)
  [3895] Flowchart to program - learning to program with Well House - (2012-10-14)
  [4031] Showing what programming errors look like - web site pitfall - (2013-03-06)
  [4322] Learning to Program - the conditional statement (if) - (2014-11-21)
  [4323] Learning to program - Loop statements such as while - (2014-11-22)


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This is a page archived from The Horse's Mouth at http://www.wellho.net/horse/ - the diary and writings of Graham Ellis. Every attempt was made to provide current information at the time the page was written, but things do move forward in our business - new software releases, price changes, new techniques. Please check back via our main site for current courses, prices, versions, etc - any mention of a price in "The Horse's Mouth" cannot be taken as an offer to supply at that price.

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