|
Training, Open Source Computer Languages |
| Home | Accessibility | Courses | Diary | The Mouth | Forum | Resources | Site Map | About Us | Contact |
|
The tourists guide to Linux
When visitors come to this country for a touring holiday, they'll land at Gatwick and take in London, Stonehenge, Bath, Stratord-upon-Avon, York (pehaps) and Edinburgh. That will give them a flavour but none of the details (and of course they'll miss gems such as Melksham and Radstock). But they will get a flavour and want to come back The Linux File system, even on a newly built system, has a very large number of files and directories ... but there are a few areas that you'll really want to be aware of. Let's have a quick look around, starting at the root. Under / /mnt - where other devices are mounted "casually" /bin - "binary" - i.e. programs Specifically - programs that are needed early in boot process /etc - config files and info /dev - devices /home - user's home directories Often mounted from a separate slice / partition (slice is a p.c. alternative word to partition!) /lib - "programmer's libraries" BUT BE CAREFUL - they are dynamically loaded so you must keep 'em /sbin "SYSTEM binary" - i.e. programs that only the admin needs Specifically - programs that are needed early in boot process /var - things that vary within the main system as it runs (e.g. mail and print queues, system logs) /usr - the main operating system - things that do NOT vary This is HUGE. more to follow below! /tmp - temporary file A scratch area for anyone to use! LETS GO DEEPER ;-) In /usr ... you find a bit more of the same! /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/etc /usr/lib /usr/tmp Same as in root ... but not needed at early boot stage! (History - in the past, when discs were expensive, most of the OS was shared over the network on some installations and /usr was a mount point) and also ... /usr/share Things which don't change even between architectures - e.g. fonts, time zone definitions, manual pages ... /usr/include Programmer's include file /usr/local see further below! LETS GO DEEPER ;-) In /usr/local ... ... you find the things you have added locally to the operating system. That's great because you keep it all in one place and can back up from system "Trowbridge" and install on system "Chippenham" without having to do all the build work on Chippenham. You can also backup /usr/local, upgrade or reinstall the base OS, then restore the backup ... oh - and you can also save the need to back up the rest of /usr very often (and it's huge!) as it never changes! /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/etc /usr/local/lib /usr/local/share /usr/local/include /usr/local/src Sometime an "src" turns up for source code as do things like ... /usr/local/apache2 /usr/local/tomcat /usr/local/java /usr/local/[other application name!] (written 2008-05-20) 23c2 Associated topics are indexed as below, or enter http://melksh.am/nnnn for individual articles A162 - Web Application Deployment - Backups and File System Management[4063] Backups by crossover between network centres - setting up automatic scp transfers - (2013-04-13) [4056] An overpractical test of our backup strategy! - (2013-03-30) [2299] How much space does my directory take - Linux - (2009-07-20) [1893] Some Linux and Unix tips - (2008-11-18) [1801] Will your backups work if you have to restore them? - (2008-09-18) [1765] Dialects of English and Unix - (2008-08-21) [1439] Linux / Unix - layout of operating system files - (2007-11-20) [1288] Linux run states, shell special commands, and directory structures - (2007-08-03) [1023] Finding public writeable things on your linux file system - (2007-01-06) [1013] Copy multiple files - confusing error message from cp - (2006-12-30) [754] tar, jar, war, ear, sar files - (2006-06-10) [735] Boys will be boys, saved by Ubuntu - (2006-05-27) [703] Copying files and preserving ownership - (2006-04-28) [593] Finding where the disc space has gone - (2006-02-06) [554] What backup is adequate? - (2006-01-04) [334] Symbolic links and hard links - (2005-06-02) [153] Linux - where to put swap space - (2004-12-16)
Some other Articles
Old Sarum airfield brings back fond memoriesls command - favourite options Looking for files with certain characteristics (Linux / Unix) Easy conversion - image formats, currencies and distances The tourists guide to Linux Exchange Rates - PHP with your prices in your users currency Using cookies and sessions to connect different URLs - PHP Seeing how others do it - PHP training Using a utility method to construct objects of different types - Python A lack of technical content |
4106 posts, page by page
Link to page ... 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83 at 50 posts per pageThis is a page archived from The Horse's Mouth at http://www.wellho.net/horse/ - the diary and writings of Graham Ellis. Every attempt was made to provide current information at the time the page was written, but things do move forward in our business - new software releases, price changes, new techniques. Please check back via our main site for current courses, prices, versions, etc - any mention of a price in "The Horse's Mouth" cannot be taken as an offer to supply at that price.
Link to Ezine home page (for reading).
Link to Blogging home page (to add comments).
1fe9
PH: 01144 1225 708225 • FAX: 01144 1225 899360 • EMAIL: info@wellho.net • WEB: http://www.wellho.net • SKYPE: wellho
PAGE: http://www.wellho.net/mouth/1648_The ... Linux.html • PAGE BUILT: Mon May 27 06:13:46 2013 • BUILD SYSTEM: wizard